Grandfather clause history definition11/12/2022 ![]() 24 As provinces and territories joined Canada and the country’s population distribution evolved, Parliament amended the formula for calculating the number of seats on numerous occasions. Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were each allotted a number of seats on the basis of their share of the total population in relation to that of the province of Quebec, which had been guaranteed 65 seats, the same number it had in the Province of Canada legislature. On the basis of this principle, a formula was derived to calculate the number of seats each province would be allocated in the House of Commons. ![]() ![]() In 1867, the Fathers of Confederation adopted the principle of representation by population. ![]() Today, there are 338 Members from 10 provinces and 3 territories: 42 for British Columbia, 34 for Alberta, 14 for Saskatchewan, 14 for Manitoba, 121 for Ontario, 78 for Quebec, 10 for New Brunswick, 11 for Nova Scotia, 4 for Prince Edward Island, 7 for Newfoundland and Labrador, 23 and 1 each for Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (see Figure 4.1, “Representation Since 1867”). 21 On April 1, 1999, the territory of Nunavut was established out of the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories and was given one of its two seats. 20 In 1975, the number of seats in the Northwest Territories grew to two. 19 In 1962, the Representation Act was amended to give the entire Northwest Territories one seat. 18 In 1952, the electoral district of Yukon–Mackenzie River was revoked the Mackenzie District of the Northwest Territories was granted one seat and the original Yukon electoral district was restored. 17 Newfoundland joined Confederation in 1949 and was granted seven seats. #GRANDFATHER CLAUSE HISTORY DEFINITION PLUS#16 In 1947, the electoral district of Yukon–Mackenzie River, comprising all of Yukon Territory plus the western portion of the Northwest Territories, known as the Mackenzie District, was created and allotted one seat. 15 When Saskatchewan and Alberta were established out of the North-West Territories in 1905, they were allotted 10 and seven seats respectively the North-West Territories no longer had a seat in the House. 14 In 1886, the North-West Territories received four seats, and in 1902, Yukon Territory was granted one seat. 13 British Columbia and Prince Edward Island each got six seats upon joining Confederation in 1871 and in 1873, respectively. 12 When Manitoba joined Canada in 1870, four seats were added to the membership of the House. Representation in Parliament was considered negotiable and often did not reflect representation by population. Soon after, new provinces began to seek admittance to Confederation. At the opening of the First Parliament, the House of Commons had 181 seats, distributed among the provinces as follows: 82 for Ontario, 65 for Quebec, 19 for Nova Scotia and 15 for New Brunswick. The composition of the House has expanded greatly since 1867. ![]() The boundaries of each electoral district are then determined by provincial electoral boundaries commissions. Following each decennial census, the number of seats to be apportioned among the provinces is decided on the basis of population figures. 10 An electoral district can be defined as any place or territorial area in Canada entitled to return a person to serve in the House of Commons. Canada is divided into 338 electoral districts, each of which sends one Member to the House of Commons. ![]()
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